Observables, disassembled

Roberts, B. W.ORCID logo (2018). Observables, disassembled. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 63, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2018.02.002
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How should we characterise the observable aspects of quantum theory? This paper argues that philosophers and physicists should jettison a standard dogma: that observables must be represented by self-adjoint or Hermitian operators. Four classes of non-standard observables are identified: normal operators, symmetric operators, real-spectrum operators, and none of these. The philosophical and physical implications of each are explored.

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