Syria

In post-2011 Syria a long-simmering crisis of national identity has imploded into a widespread popular uprising, and then into civil war. The raging conflict exposed how, since the creation of the Syrian state, the system of governance has often exacerbated sectarian and ethnic differences and affiliations to place of origin within Syria. Cross-cutting cleavages between sect, class, place origin, and ideology have shaped configurations of nationalism throughout Syrian modern history.