Relational knowledge transfers

We study how relational contracts mitigate Becker's classic problem of providing general (non-firm-specific) human capital when training contracts are incomplete. The firms profit-maximizing agreement is a multi-period "apprenticeship" in which the novice is trained gradually over time and eventually receives all knowledge. The firm adopts a "1/e rule" whereby at the beginning of the relationship the novice is trained, for free, just enough to produce a fraction 1/e of the efficient output. After that, the novice earns all additional knowledge with labor. This rule causes inefficiently lengthy relationships that grow longer the more patient the players. We discuss policy interventions.