The post-9/11 backlash against Muslims reduced assimilation

After 9/11, Muslims in the US experienced a marked increase in hate crimes. In new research, Eric Gould and Esteban Klor find that this increase in hate crimes against Muslim immigrants led to the Muslim community retreating from assimilation and becoming more traditional and more cohesive. What’s more, they write, the rate of assimilation of Muslim immigrants was slower in parts of the United States where there was a more intensive backlash.