Capital stocks and capital services: integrated and consistent estimates for the United Kingdom, 1950–2013

The evolution of capital services is crucial for understanding labour productivity growth. Capital stocks and the wealth–income ratio are important for understanding welfare and inequality. Accordingly, we present annual estimates of fixed capital services and capital stocks for the United Kingdom, 1950–2013, for the whole economy and for the market sector. Our estimates cover nine asset types including R&D. We compare estimates of capital services based on an endogenous (ex post) rate of return with ones based on a hybrid method which allows for ex ante risk: firms' expectations may not be satisfied. Contrary to expectation, we find that capital intensity (capital services per hour worked) rose during the Great Recession even though labour productivity fell. And the wealth–income ratio is now substantially lower than it was in the early 1980s unless dwellings are included in the total.