Negative partisanship is real, measurable, and affects political behaviour

Many people explain their political involvement with reference to the kinds of outcomes they’d like to avoid, with Republicans and Democrats alike often framing their campaigns around ‘keeping out’ the opposite side. But what do we actually know about what Nicholas J. Caruana calls ‘negative partisanship’? He presents evidence from Canada that shows it explains a great deal about political involvement, and that there are lessons for political engagement more widely.