Observations from a live bird market in Indonesia following a contained outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1)

Live bird markets are considered high-risk environments facilitating viral transfer and replication of influenza A H5N1. In Indonesia, these markets have been the source for multiple human infections of H5N1 resulting in death, and thus have been the focus of government-led interventions. This paper examines the aftermath of an intervention in one market in Bali, Indonesia. It highlights the social and economic factors influencing the adoption of risk prevention behaviour and concludes by arguing for further qualitative research to understand why at-risk individuals fail to adopt biosecurity measures, even after recently experiencing an outbreak of avian influenza.