Building deliberative public–private partnerships for waste management in Asia

Public–private partnerships in environmental policy should not simply be viewed in instrumental terms as means of providing environmental infrastructure and services, but also as sites where norms of environmental concern and political accountability are formulated and replicated. Deliberative public–private partnerships––or partnerships that allow greater public participation in the formulation of these norms––may therefore become an important new form of local environmental governance and help make partnerships more relevant to local environmental needs. This paper examines case studies of public–private partnerships in waste-to-energy projects in the Philippines and India to identify how principles of institutional design may enhance the deliberative nature of public–private partnerships in environmental policy. The paper argues that current approaches to deliberative, or cooperative environmental governance concerning public–private partnerships need to acknowledge insights from network theory concerning the communication of environmental and political norms before they can be successfully transferred to developing countries.