Complexity research - approaches and methods: the LSE Complexity Group integrated methodology

If organisations are seen as complex evolving systems (CES), then the approaches, methods and tools that we use to study them and to help them evolve need to be appropriate – for example, they need to take the characteristics of organisations as CES into account; they need to track changes over time; and they need to address both the qualitative and the quantitative aspects of the organisation under study as well as its broader environment.