Who has the power to address the child penalty globally?

Having children requires money, time, resources and energy. Yet, parenthood impacts men and women differently. Mothers spend more time on unpaid childcare and less on paid employment, affecting their long-term economic opportunities. This is known as the child penalty, or the motherhood penalty. This is the average amount by which a woman’s probability of being employed declines in the 10 years after the birth of her first child relative to men.