The impact of unpaid caring on cognitive function:a rapid review

Objectives Our review aimed to examine the role of unpaid care in influencing cognitive function independently or via risk factors for dementia. Method This rapid review, registered in PROSPERO and following PRISMA guidelines, searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and APA PsycINFO databases for longitudinal studies comparing dementia, cognitive function and associated risk factors for dementia between carers and non-carers. Studies were assessed for quality. Data were synthesised narratively. Results Five studies looked at cognitive function directly; others examined risk factors: depression, social isolation, physical activity, body-mass index, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, educational attainment, and alcohol consumption. Unpaid carers have increased risk of depression and social isolation, and younger carers have lower educational attainment. Studies evaluating the link between unpaid caring and cognitive decline suggest that caring at low and moderate intensities may act as a protective factor against cognitive decline, but not at higher intensities. Female gender and high-intensity caring significantly influence the strength of association between unpaid care and dementia risk factors. Conclusion The impact of unpaid caring on cognitive health is complex, influenced by factors like intensity of care and social and cultural context. Across all studies, high-intensity caring negatively impacts carers physical and mental health, which in turn affect their cognitive health.