Multiway empirical likelihood

This paper develops a general methodology to conduct statistical inference for observations indexed by multiple sets of entities. We propose a novel multiway empirical likelihood statistic that converges to a chi-square distribution under the non-degenerate case, where corresponding Hoeffding type decomposition is dominated by linear terms. Our methodology is related to the notion of jackknife empirical likelihood but the leave-out pseudo values are constructed by leaving out columns or rows. We further develop a modified version of our multiway empirical likelihood statistic, which converges to a chi-square distribution regardless of the degeneracy, and discuss its desirable higher-order property in a simplified setup. The proposed methodology is illustrated by several important econometric problems, such as bipartite network, generalized estimating equations, and three-way observations.