Financial exit time for a new Bretton Woods conference amid the Ukraine war?

Ousmène Jacques Mandeng examines the need for a new financial order as integration is unlikely to hold up amid the Ukraine war. Despite important network advantages emerging from the Bretton Woods integration policies, Western control of the international financial system caused overdependence on the US dollar and subsequent liability chains impairing needed flexibility. Looking forward, financial decentralisation and peer-to-peer relations may be more effective to reduce dependency between international institutions and their clients.