Consumption and biodiversity conservation: insights from behavioral science using the MINDSPACE approach

Consumption is defined as purchase and use of all goods and services by individuals, households, and social groups. MINDSPACE is a mnemonic that is used to set out nine robust influences on human behavior (messenger, incentives, norms, defaults, salience, priming, affect, commitment, ego). Nudges are easy and cheap changes to some aspect of the choice architecture to alter human behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.