JEL classification

Journal of Economic Literature Classification (10799) O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth (1859) O1 - Economic Development (928) O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political (51)
Number of items at this level: 51.
Article
  • Anderson, James E., Bandiera, Oriana (2005). Private enforcement and social efficiency. Journal of Development Economics, 77(2), 341-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.05.003
  • Antón, Arturo, Rasteletti, Alejandro (2021). Taxing labor income in an economy with high employment informality. Economía, 21(2), 33 - 68. https://doi.org/10.31389/eco.225 picture_as_pdf
  • Bardey, David, Mejía, Daniel (2019). Informality and optimal public policy. Economía, 19(2), 1 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2019.0000 picture_as_pdf
  • Berman, Eli, Callen, Mike, Gibson, Clark C., Long, James D., Rezaee, Arman (2019). Election fairness and government legitimacy in Afghanistan. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 168, 292 - 317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.10.011 picture_as_pdf
  • Besley, Timothy, Coate, Stephen, Loury, Glenn (1993). The economics of rotating savings and credit associations. American Economic Review, 83(4), 792-810.
  • Besley, Timothy, Persson, Torsten (2009). Repression or civil war? American Economic Review, 99(2), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.292
  • Besley, Timothy, Persson, Torsten (2014). Why do developing countries tax so little? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.99
  • Blumenstock, Joshua, Callen, Mike, Ghani, Tarek, Gonzalez, Robert (2024). Violence and financial decisions: evidence from mobile money in Afghanistan. Review of Economics and Statistics, 106(2), 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01147 picture_as_pdf
  • Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna, Kostovicova, Denisa, Causevic, Fikret (2024). Tested by the COVID-19 economic shock: peace-positive entrepreneurship and intergroup collaboration in post-conflict business recovery. Conflict, Security and Development, 24(5), 425 - 450. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2024.2410309 picture_as_pdf
  • Bosio, Erica, Djankov, Simeon, Glaeser, Edward, Shleifer, Andrei (2022). Public procurement in law and practice. American Economic Review, 112(4), 1091 - 1117. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20200738 picture_as_pdf
  • Burgess, Robin, Jedwab, Remi, Miguel, Edward, Morjaria, Ameet, Padró i Miquel, Gerard (2015). The value of democracy: evidence from road building in Kenya. American Economic Review, 105(6), 1817-1851. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131031
  • Bussolo, Maurizio, Dixit, Akshay, Golla, Anne, Kotia, Ananya, Lee, Jean N., Narasimhan, Prema, Sharma, Siddharth (2025). How selling online is affecting informal firms in South Asia. Asian Development Review, 42(01), 143 - 178. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0116110525500064 picture_as_pdf
  • Callen, Michael, Long, James D. (2015). Institutional corruption and election fraud: evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan. American Economic Review, 105(1), 354 - 381. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120427 picture_as_pdf
  • Callen, Mike, Isaqzadeh, Mohammad, Long, James D., Sprenger, Charles (2014). Violence and risk preference: experimental evidence from Afghanistan. American Economic Review, 104(1), 123 - 148. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.1.123 picture_as_pdf
  • Casaburi, Lorenzo, Macchiavello, Rocco (2019). Demand and supply of infrequent payments as a commitment device: evidence from Kenya. American Economic Review, 109(2), 523-555. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180281 picture_as_pdf
  • Caselli, Francesco, Michaels, Guy (2013). Do oil windfalls improve living standards? Evidence from Brazil. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(1), 208-238. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.1.208
  • D’Erasmo, Pablo N. (2016). Access to credit and the size of the formal sector. Economía, 16(2), 143 - 200. https://doi.org/10.31389/eco.80 picture_as_pdf
  • Estrin, Saul, Mickiewicz, Tomasz (2012). Shadow economy and entrepreneurial entry. Review of Development Economics, 16(4), 559-578.
  • Gannon, Kate, Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U., Avila Uribe, Antonio, Castellano, Elena, Diop, Mamadou, Agol, Dorice (2025). The role of gender in firm-level climate change adaptation behaviour: insights from small businesses in Senegal and Kenya. Climate Risk Management, 48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100699 picture_as_pdf
  • Gomez, Rafael, Santor, Eric (2001). Membership has its privileges: the effect of social capital and neighbourhood characteristics on the earnings of microfinance borrowers. Canadian Journal of Economics, 34(4), 943 - 966. https://doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00107 picture_as_pdf
  • Hassan, Wesam Adel (2026). Speculative lives under broken economies. American Ethnologist, 53(1), 59 - 61. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.70052
  • Jones, Sam, Manhique, Ivan (2025). Digital labour platforms as shock absorbers: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique. Journal of African Economies, 34(1), 116 - 141. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejae002 picture_as_pdf
  • Khan, Adnan Q., Khwaja, Asim Ijaz, Olken, Benjamin A. (2019). Making moves matter: experimental evidence on incentivizing bureaucrats through performance-based postings. American Economic Review, 109(1), 237-270. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180277 picture_as_pdf
  • Naritomi, Joana (2019). Consumers as tax auditors. American Economic Review, 109(9), 3031 - 3072. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160658 picture_as_pdf
  • Navarrete-Hernández, Pablo (2016). De cartoneros a recicladores urbanos. El rol de las políticas locales en mejorarla sustentabilidad de los recolectores de base. Investigaciones Regionales, 35, 83-106.
  • Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, Garcilazo, Enrique (2015). Quality of government and the returns of investment: examining the impact of cohesion expenditure in European regions. Regional Studies, 49(8), 1274 - 1290. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1007933
  • Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, Tselios, Vassilis (2009). Mapping regional personal income distribution in Western Europe: income per capita and inequality. Finance a úvěr-Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, 59(1), 41-70.
  • Roy, Tirthankar, Swamya, Anand V. (2025). Development policy and legal persistence: evidence from India. Rivista di Storia Economica, 41(1), 95 - 116. https://doi.org/10.1410/116631
  • Sequeira, Sandra (2016). Corruption, trade costs, and gains from tariff liberalization: evidence from Southern Africa. American Economic Review, 106(10), 3029-3063. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150313
  • Shiroka-Pula, Justina, Bartlett, Will, Krasniqi, Besnik A. (2022). Can the government make us happier? Institutional quality and subjective well-being across Europe: a multilevel analysis using Eurobarometer Survey 2019. Applied Research in Quality of Life, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10099-z
  • Szerman, Christiane (2023). The employee costs of corporate debarment in public procurement. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 15(1), 411 - 441. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200669 picture_as_pdf
  • Wang, Han, Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés (2021). Local institutions and pandemics: city autonomy and the Black Death. Applied Geography, 136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102582 picture_as_pdf
  • Zhao, Da, Yu, Ao, Guo, Jingyuan (2022). Judicial institutions, local protection and market segmentation: evidence from the establishment of interprovincial circuit tribunals in China. China Economic Review, 75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2022.101829 picture_as_pdf
    • Chapter
  • Besley, Timothy, Ghatak, Maitreesh (2009). Property rights and economic development. In Rodrick, D. & Rosenzweig, M. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics (pp. 4525-4595). Elsevier (Firm). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52944-2.00006-9
    • Working paper
  • Bandiera, Oriana (2002). Land distribution, incentives and the choice of production techniques in Nicaragua. Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain).
  • Bandiera, Oriana (2001). On the structure of tenancy contracts: theory and evidence from 19th century rural sicily. Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain).
  • Bandiera, Oriana (2002). Private states and the enforcement of property rights - theory and evidence on the origins of the Sicilian mafia. Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain).
  • Berman, Eli, Callen, Mike, Gibson, Clark C., Long, James D. (2014). Elections and government legitimacy in Afghanistan. (CEGA Working Paper Series 033). University of California.
  • Besley, Timothy, Ghatak, Maitreesh (2009). Property rights and economic development. (Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers EOPP/2009/6). Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines.
  • Bosch, Mariano (2006). Job creation and job destruction in the presence of informal labour markets. (CEPDP 761). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance.
  • Bosio, Erica, Djankov, Simeon, Glaeser, Edward, Shleifer, Andrei (2020). Public procurement in law and practice. (Financial Markets Group Discussion Papers 798). Financial Markets Group, The London School of Economics and Political Science. picture_as_pdf
  • Brodeur, Abel, Lekfuangfu, Warn N., Zylberberg, Yanos (2017). War, migration and the origins of the Thai sex industry. (CEP Discussion Papers CEPDP1489). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance.
  • Costa, Francisco, Garred, Jason, Pessoa, João Paulo (2014). Winners and losers from a commodities-for-manufactures trade boom. (CEP Discussion Papers CEPDP1269). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance.
  • Gobbi, Giorgio, Zizza, Roberta (2007). Does the underground economy hold back financial deepening? Evidence from the Italian credit market. (CEPDP 789). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance.
  • Henderson, J. Vernon, Liu, Vivian (2023). Urban land markets and city development: Sub-Saharan Africa. (Geography and Environment Discussion Paper Series 44). Department of Geography and Environment, LSE. picture_as_pdf
  • Irarrázaval, Andrés (2020). The fiscal origins of comparative inequality levels: an empirical and historical investigation. (Economic History Working Papers 314). London School of Economics and Political Science. picture_as_pdf
  • Manara, Martina, Regan, Tanner (2022). Ask a local: improving the public pricing of land titles in urban Tanzania. (CEP Discussion Papers 1848). London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance. picture_as_pdf
  • Manara, Martina, Regan, Tanner (2020). Eliciting demand for title deeds: lab-in-the-field evidence from urban Tanzania. (Geography and Environment Discussion Paper Series 19). Department of Geography and Environment, LSE. picture_as_pdf
  • Naritomi, Joana (2018). Consumers as tax auditors. (CEPR discussion papers DP13276). Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain).
  • Padró i Miquel, Gerard (2006). The control of politicians in divided societies: the politics of fear. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Scott, Colin, Hopkins, R. (1999). The economics of non-governmental organisations. (DEDPS 15). Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines.
    • This list was generated on Tue Mar 10 05:48:34 2026 GMT.